三明市酸、碱降水成因研究

三明市属福建省内陆山区，在东、西相差仅四公里的两个测点，常常一边下硫酸盐型酸雨，一边下钙盐型碱雨这一特殊降水过程。从离子成分、离子浓度比进行分析，并从局地污染源、气象等因素就其成因作了探索性研究，将影响降水ｐＨ值的污染因子进行灰色关联优势分析。结果表明，三明市降水污染相当严重，在重视酸性降水污染的同时，也不应忽视污染更为严重的碱性降水     

Large-eddy simulation for flow and dispersion in urban streets

Large-eddy simulations (LES) with our recently developed inflow approach (Xie, Z.-T., Castro, I.P., 2008a. Efficient generation of inflow conditions for large-eddy simulation of street-scale flows. Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 81(3), pp. 449–470.) have been used for flow and dispersion within a genuine city area – the DAPPLE site, located at the intersection of Marylebone Rd and Gloucester Pl in Central London. Numerical results up to second-order statistics are reported for a computational domain of 1.2 km (streamwise) × 0.8 km (lateral) × 0.2 km (in full scale), with a resolution down to approximately one meter in space and one second in time. They are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Such a comprehensive urban geometry is often, as here, composed of staggered, aligned, square arrays of blocks with non-uniform height and non-uniform base, street canyons and intersections. Both the integrative and local effect of flow and dispersion to these geometrical patterns were investigated. For example, it was found that the peaks of spatially averaged u_rms, v_rms, w_rms and <u′w′> occurred neither at the mean height nor at the maximum height, but at the height of large and tall buildings. It was also found that the mean and fluctuating concentrations in the near-source field is highly dependent on the source location and the local geometry pattern, whereas in the far field (e.g. >0.1 km) they are not. In summary, it is demonstrated that full-scale resolution of around one meter is sufficient to yield accurate prediction of the flow and mean dispersion characteristics and to provide reasonable estimation of concentration fluctuations.     

餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵特性的研究

为了实现餐厨垃圾低成本现场能源化处理，利用单相法，采用正交试验法，研究了接种率、温度和含水率对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程中运行特性的影响。结果表明，接种率、含水率、发酵温度以及它们之间的交互作用对餐厨垃圾产气效果影响显著，其中以接种率与温度的交互作用影响最为显著，其次是含水率。采用单相法进行55℃高温厌氧发酵，保证65%左右的接种率和90%以上的含水率，完全可以实现餐厨垃圾现场处理。     

烤鳗废油的利用现状及其开发展望

本文对鳗鱼油的利用价值和利用现状进行了评价和回顾，提出了烤鳗废油利用中亟需解决的几个技术问题，并对烤鳗废油利用的开发前景进行了展望。     

钙化物在废弃物基活性炭制备过程中的影响

研究了以城市垃圾中3种典型的固体有机废弃物——锯木屑、纸张和塑料的热解产物(分别简称木炭、纸炭和塑料热解物)为原料，水蒸气为活化剂制备废弃物基活性炭时钙化物含量对活化过程、活性炭吸附性能(以碘值表征)及其孔结构的影响。结果表明，钙化物可加快活化反应的速度，且钙化物含量在1.5％时活化反应速度即已不再随钙化物含量的增加而增加；活性炭的吸附性能则随钙化物含量的增加而减少，同时钙化物对活性炭的孔径分布基本无影响，但降低了活性炭的比表面积、微孔孔容及中孔孔容；钙化物的2种前驱体（即CaO和Ca(OH)₂）对活化过程具有相同的催化作用。     

Comparison of a diurnal vs steady-state ozone exposure profile on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in open-top chambers in the Yangtze Delta, China

Most available exposure-response relationships for assessing crop loss due to elevated ozone (O₃) have been established using data from chamber and open-top chamber experiments, using a simulated constant O₃ concentration exposure (square wave), which is not consistent with the diurnal variation of O₃ concentration that occurs in nature. We investigated the response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to O₃ as affected by two exposure regimes: one with a diurnal variation (CF100D) and another with a constant concentration (CF100). Although the two exposure regimes have the same mean O₃ concentration and accumulated O₃ concentration above 40 ppb (AOT40), our results show that O₃ at CF100D reduced biomass and number of pods/plant more than O₃ at CF100. Both O₃ exposures resulted in larger seed weights/100 pods compared to CF. Numbers of seeds/100 pods were reduced by CF100, while numbers of seeds/100 pods in the CF100D chambers were comparable to those in CF. Our results suggest that chamber experiments that use a constant O₃ exposure may underestimate O₃ effects on biomass and yields.     

采用酸浸—氨浸工艺处理线路板污泥

介绍了一套完整的线路板污泥资源化、无害化的处理工艺.该工艺采用酸浸和氨浸相结合的方法,成功地解决了主金属铜和其他金属有效分离的技术难题,克服了原有工艺的缺陷,达到了理想的分离效果,具有处理成本低、处理量大、回收率高、产品质量好、没有二次污染等特点.     

肝素提取废水的GC-MS分析和处理研究

肝素钠废水含有高浓度无机盐和大量有机污染物，对环境具有潜在的毒性且难以处理，已经受到环境工作者的关注。为了了解废水的主要成分和处理此类废水，本实验用GC-MS对废水进行了分析，并且利用芬顿试剂对其进行了处理，结果发现废水中有机物有26种，其中脂肪酸和芳香衍生物占有较大比例，处理后，有机成分只有3种；讨论了影响处理效果的因素和最佳的工艺条件，发现当pH 值为6.66，硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢的量分别为2.5 g/L和2.8‰ (v/v)，搅拌速度为2 000 r/min, 搅拌时间为15 min时，COD的去除率可达到94.50%。     

Estimate of initial isoprene contribution to ozone formation potential in Beijing, China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of tropospheric ozone formation. Isoprene contributions to ozone formation by using ambient mixing ratios are generally underestimated because of rapid chemical losses. In this study, ambient mixing ratios of major VOC species were continuously measured at Peking university (PKU) and YUFA, urban and sub-urban sites in Beijing, the city that will host 2008 Olympic Games. The observed mixing ratios of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR) and isoprene were used to derive the mixing ratios of initial isoprene, which means the ambient isoprene level before it undergoes any photochemical reaction with OH radicals. The average mixing ratios of initial isoprene were 3.3±1.6 and 2.9±1.5 ppbv at PKU and YUFA sites, respectively. The percentages of initial isoprene in total initial VOCs were 10.8% at PKU site and 11.4% at YUFA site, in reasonable agreement with the isoprene contribution in total VOC emissions as derived from source inventories. Maximum increment reactivity (MIR) was used to evaluate the ozone formation potential (OFP) for major VOC species. The OFP for initial isoprene accounted for 23% of the total OFPs for all measured species, compared to 11% using ambient mixing ratios of isoprene at PKU site. Similarly, at YUFA site, the ambient measured isoprene and initial isoprene contributed 10% and 22%, respectively, to the OFPs for total measured VOCs. It seems that isoprene has similar contribution to ozone formation at both sites in Beijing city.